Top Causes of Sore Throat and When to See a Throat Specialist

A sore throat is one of the most common health complaints people experience throughout the year. It may begin as a mild discomfort but can quickly escalate into pain, difficulty swallowing, or even voice changes. While most sore throats are temporary and resolve on their own, persistent or recurring throat pain may require professional attention. Renowned ENT specialist Dr. Meenesh Juvekar explains the common causes of sore throat and when it’s time to see a throat specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Understanding the Basics: What Is a Sore Throat?

A sore throat, medically known as pharyngitis, refers to pain, irritation, or scratchiness in the throat. It may be accompanied by symptoms like:

• Difficulty swallowing
  
  

• Dryness in the throat
  
  

• Hoarseness or loss of voice
  
  

• Swollen glands in the neck
  
  

• Fever or chills (in some cases)
  
  

While sore throats are usually caused by infections, they can also stem from environmental factors, allergies, or more serious medical conditions.

Top Causes of Sore Throat

Dr. Juvekar identifies the most common reasons people develop a sore throat:

1. Viral Infections

Up to 90% of sore throat cases are due to viral infections such as:

• Common cold
  
  

• Influenza (flu)
  
  

• COVID-19
  
  

• Mononucleosis (mono)
  
  

These typically resolve on their own within 5–7 days. However, symptoms like fatigue, fever, and congestion often accompany the throat discomfort.

2. Bacterial Infections

One of the most well-known bacterial causes is Streptococcus pyogenes, leading to strep throat. Symptoms may include:

• Sudden, severe throat pain
  
  

• White patches or pus on the tonsils
  
  

• High fever
  
  

• Swollen lymph nodes
  
  

Bacterial infections usually require antibiotic treatment to prevent complications like rheumatic fever or abscesses.

3. Allergies

Dust, pollen, pet dander, and mold can trigger allergic reactions, leading to post-nasal drip. This irritates the throat and causes:

• Persistent scratchiness
  
  

• Dry cough
  
  

• Throat clearing
  
  

Allergic sore throats tend to be chronic and may worsen during certain seasons or environmental exposure.

4. Dry Air and Environmental Irritants

Dry indoor air, especially during winter, can dry out your throat, causing irritation and discomfort. Exposure to:

• Smoke (including passive smoking)
  
  

• Pollution
  
  

• Chemical fumes
  
  

can also inflame the throat lining, especially in urban environments.

5. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Acid reflux from the stomach into the throat can lead to chronic sore throat. Symptoms may include:

• Burning sensation in the throat
  
  

• Hoarseness, especially in the morning
  
  

• Sensation of something "stuck" in the throat
  
  

• Frequent coughing
  
  

If untreated, GERD can damage the throat lining and vocal cords.

6. Tonsillitis

Swollen and inflamed tonsils due to viral or bacterial infection often cause:

• Sore throat
  
  

• Difficulty swallowing
  
  

• Bad breath
  
  

• Fever
  
  

Recurring tonsillitis may require surgical intervention like a tonsillectomy, especially in children or adults with repeated infections.

7. Voice Overuse or Strain

Singers, teachers, and public speakers are prone to laryngitis or vocal cord strain. Overusing the voice can cause pain, hoarseness, and throat fatigue.

8. Tumors or Growths

Though rare, persistent sore throat—especially when accompanied by weight loss, voice change, or difficulty swallowing—may signal throat cancer, benign growths, or polyps. Early diagnosis by an ENT specialist is essential.

When to See a Throat Specialist (ENT Doctor)?

According to Dr. Meenesh Juvekar, not every sore throat needs a specialist, but you should consult an ENT (Ear, Nose & Throat) doctor if you experience:

• Sore throat lasting more than a week
  
  

• Recurring sore throats throughout the year
  
  

• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
  
  

• Hoarseness lasting over 10 days
  
  

• High fever (above 101°F or 38.3°C)
  
  

• Pus, white patches, or swelling in the throat
  
  

• Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
  
  

• Suspected tonsillitis or throat abscess
  
  

A specialist can perform a detailed examination using tools like a nasal endoscope, throat swab culture, or imaging (if needed) to identify the root cause and offer a tailored treatment plan.

What to Expect During Your Visit to Dr. Meenesh Juvekar

At his clinic, Dr. Juvekar conducts a thorough consultation including:

• Complete medical and lifestyle history
  
  

• Physical examination of the throat, ears, and nose
  
  

• Diagnostic procedures like throat endoscopy or allergy testing
  
  

• Medication prescriptions or minor surgical procedures (if needed)
  
  

• Guidance on voice care, GERD management, and allergy control
  
  

Whether it’s a recurring sore throat due to tonsils or a persistent irritation caused by acid reflux, Dr. Juvekar ensures