Registering a Business in Poland as a Non-EU Citizen: Is It Possible?

Poland has become a thriving hub for entrepreneurs and foreign investors due to its central location in Europe, strong economy, and competitive operating costs. But if you’re a non-EU citizen, one major question comes up early in your research: Is it possible to register a company in Poland if you’re not from the European Union?

The short answer is yes — but it comes with conditions and procedural steps you must follow. In this blog, we’ll break down the essential information and solve the key problems you’re likely facing, such as legal eligibility, required documents, company structure choices, and residence options. If you're considering company registration in Poland, this guide will help clarify the path.

Can Non-EU Citizens Register a Company in Poland?

Yes, non-EU citizens can register a company in Poland. Polish law allows foreigners from outside the EU to form and operate businesses in the country. However, the rules differ slightly depending on the type of company and your residency status.

If you do not have a temporary or permanent residence permit in Poland (or in another EU country), you’re limited to forming certain types of companies. The most popular and accessible option is the limited liability company, known as Sp. z o.o. (Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością).

Why Choose Poland for Company Formation?

Before diving into the legal steps, it's important to understand why Poland has become such an attractive destination for foreign entrepreneurs:

• Strategic location in Central Europe

• Access to the EU single market

• Relatively low labor and operational costs

• Skilled workforce and well-developed infrastructure

• Business-friendly environment with tax incentives for startups

In addition, registering a company in Poland offers long-term opportunities for residence, visa access, and even potential citizenship if your business meets growth and legal residency requirements.

Who Can Register a Company in Poland?

Polish company law distinguishes between:

1. EU/EEA/Swiss nationals – who have the same rights as Polish citizens when it comes to business registration.

2. Non-EU citizens with residence permits – who can register all types of companies (including sole proprietorships).

3. Non-EU citizens without residence in Poland – who can register limited liability companies and certain partnerships.

So, if you’re a non-EU citizen without any residency status in the EU, your best bet is to register a Sp. z o.o., which is also the most commonly used structure for both Polish and foreign entrepreneurs.

Benefits of a Limited Liability Company (Sp. z o.o.)

• Requires only one shareholder and one director (can be the same person)

• Share capital requirement is low: just 5,000 PLN (approx. 1,200 EUR)

• Shareholders are not personally liable for the company’s debts

• Flexible structure suitable for small and medium-sized businesses

• Option to conduct a wide range of business activities

Company registration in Poland using the Sp. z o.o. structure also allows you to apply for a visa or temporary residence based on business activity — a major advantage if you're planning to relocate.

Also Read: What is the Procedure for Company Registration in Thailand

Step-by-Step: How to Register a Company in Poland as a Non-EU Citizen

The process is relatively straightforward, but you will need to complete it carefully and legally. Here’s how it works:

1. Choose a Company Name

Make sure it is unique and not already registered in the Polish National Court Register (KRS). You can verify this through the KRS database online.

2. Prepare Articles of Association

These must include your business name, registered address, company purpose, capital structure, and shareholder information.

3. Deposit Share Capital

A minimum of 5,000 PLN is required for a Sp. z o.o., and it must be deposited into a bank account under the company’s name before registration.

4. Appoint a Management Board

At least one director is required. This can be you, even if you're a non-EU resident.

5. Register the Company

You can register your company:

• Online through the S24 system (requires electronic signature)

• Via notary, if you prefer paper documentation or need custom articles

The registration is submitted to the National Court Register (KRS), which usually takes 7–14 business days for approval.

6. Obtain a REGON and NIP

Once registered, your company is automatically assigned:

• REGON: Statistical identification number

• NIP: Tax identification number

You’ll also need to register for VAT if your annual turnover exceeds the threshold or if you trade with EU businesses.

7. Open a Corporate Bank Account

Polish banks will require your company registration documents and identification. Remote account opening is possible through some banks, but in most cases, a physical presence or power of attorney is required.

8. Consider Hiring an Accountant

Poland has strict accounting and tax reporting rules. A local accountant will ensure compliance and help with tax filings, payroll, and invoicing.

Do You Need to Be in Poland to Register a Company?

No, you don’t need to be physically present in Poland to register a company. You can:

• Appoint a legal representative or attorney to handle the process

• Sign documents via power of attorney

• Use a notary public in your home country for required authentication

However, being in Poland may help open a bank account and apply for residence.

Can You Get a Visa or Residence Through Business?

Yes. If your company is registered and actively operating, you can apply for a temporary residence permit based on economic activity. You’ll need to show:

• Your company is generating income or has the potential to do so

• You can support yourself financially

• You’re hiring or plan to hire employees in Poland

This route can be a stepping stone to long-term residency and eventually permanent stay or citizenship, depending on how long you remain and contribute economically.

Also Read: What Documents Are Required for Company Registration in Liberia

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

Language barrier: Most legal documents are in Polish. Hiring a bilingual consultant or attorney can help.

Banking requirements: Some banks may be strict with foreign company owners. It’s easier if you are in Poland and can show proper documentation.

Understanding compliance: Ongoing requirements like annual filings, tax reports, and ZUS (social security) can be complex. A professional accountant is essential.

Visa complications: Registering a company doesn’t automatically give you residence. You must separately apply for a business visa or temporary stay permit.

Is It Worth It?

For many entrepreneurs, yes. Registering a company in Poland opens up access to the EU market, comes with moderate setup costs, and offers long-term residency options. However, it does require planning, compliance, and local guidance.

If your goal is to do legitimate business in Europe and potentially relocate, then Poland is one of the more accessible and cost-effective jurisdictions available to non-EU citizens.

FAQs

1. Can a non-EU citizen own 100% of a company in Poland?
Yes. Non-EU citizens can fully own a Polish limited liability company. There is no requirement to have a local partner or shareholder.

2. How long does company registration in Poland take?
Online registration via the S24 system can be completed in a few days. Paper-based registration via a notary may take 1–2 weeks, depending on court processing times.

3. Is it necessary to speak Polish to register a company?
No, but having support from someone fluent in Polish is highly recommended. Most legal and government processes are conducted in Polish.